Objects in English Grammar

Articles in English Grammar In English sentence structure, an item is aâ noun, a thing expression, or a pronoun that is influenced by the activity of an action word. Items give our language detail and surface by permitting the formation of complex sentences. Prepositions likewise have objects. Kinds of Objects Articles can work three different ways inside a sentence. The initial two areâ easy to spot since they follow the action word: Direct objectsâ are the aftereffects of activity. A subject accomplishes something, and the item is simply the article. For instance, think about this sentence: Marie composed a sonnet. For this situation, theâ noun sonnet follows the transitive action word composed and finishes the significance of the sentence.Indirect objectsâ receive or react to the result of an activity. Think about this model: Marie sent me an email. The pronoun meâ comes after the action word sent and before the thing email, which is the immediate article in this sentence. The aberrant article consistently goes before the direct object.Objects of a prepositionâ are things and pronouns in an expression that adjusts the significance of an action word. For instance: Marie lives in a dormitory. In this sentence, the thing dormitory follows the relational word in. Together, they structure a prepositional expression. Items can work in dynamic and aloof voice. A thing that fills in as an immediate article in the dynamic voice turns into the subject when the sentence is revamped in the passiveâ voice. For instance: Dynamic: Bob bought another grill.Passive: another flame broil was bought by Bob. This trademark, called passivization, is the thing that makes objects special. Not certain if a word is an item? Have a go at changing over it from dynamic to detached voice; on the off chance that you can, the word is an item. Direct Objects Direct articles distinguish what or who gets the activity of a transitive action word in a condition or sentence. When pronouns work as immediate items, they usually appear as the goal case (me, us, him, her, them, whom, and whomever). Think about the accompanying sentences, taken from Charlottes Web, by E.B. White: She shut theâ cartonâ carefully. First she kissed herâ father, at that point she kissed herâ mother. At that point she opened theâ lidâ again, lifted theâ pigâ out, and heldâ itâ against herâ cheek. Theres just one subject in this section, yet there are six direct items (container, father, mother, cover, pig, it), five things and a pronoun. Ing words (action words finishing off with ing that go about as things) in some cases likewise fill in as immediate items. For instance: Jim appreciates cultivating on the weekends.â My mom remembered perusing and heating for her rundown of leisure activities. Circuitous Objects Things and pronouns additionally work as backhanded articles. These articles are the recipients or beneficiaries of the activity in a sentence. Backhanded articles answer the inquiries to/for whom and to/for what. For model: My auntie opened her satchel and gave the man a quarter. It was his birthday so Mom hadâ baked Bobâ aâ chocolate cake. In the main model, the man is given a coin. The quarter is an immediate article and it benefits the man, a roundabout item. In the subsequent model, the cake is the immediate article and it benefits Bob, the aberrant item. Relational words and Verbs Articles that pair with relational words work uniquely in contrast to immediate and aberrant items, which follow action words. These things and action words reference a relational word and alter the activity of the bigger sentence. For instance: Young ladies are playing b-ball around an utilityâ poleâ with a metal loop shot toâ it. He sat in the storm cellar of the structure, among the cases, perusing a book on his break.â In the primary model, the prepositional items are post and circle. in the subsequent model, the prepositional items are storm cellar, fabricating, boxes, and break. Like direct articles, prepositionalâ objects get the activity of the subject in the sentences yet need a relational word for the sentence to bode well. Spotting relational words is significant provided that you utilize an inappropriate one, it can befuddle perusers. Consider how odd the subsequent sentence would sound in the event that it started, He sat on the basement...â Transitive action words likewise require an item for them to bode well. There are three sorts of transitive action words. Monotransitive action words have an immediate item, though ditransitive action words have an immediate article and an aberrant article. Complex-transitive action words have an immediate article and an item property. For instance: Monotransitive: Bob purchased a vehicle. (The immediate article is car.)Ditransitive: Bob gave me the keys to his new vehicle. (The circuitous item is me; the immediate article is keys.)Complex-transitive: I heardâ him yelling. (The immediate article is him; the item property is yelling.) Intransitive action words, then again, needn't bother with an article so as to finish their significance. Sources Woods, Geraldine. Utilizing Pronouns as Direct and Indirect Objects. Dummies.com. Staff editors. Pronoun Case. Cliffsnotes.com. Staff editors. Immediate and Indirect Object Pronouns. College of Wisconsin-Madison.

Three Level Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Three Level Architecture - Essay Example In this area I will introduce some of significant destinations of the three degrees of the database engineering. The DBA can change the structure of database, for instance without modifying the product program for instance outer pattern. Each client can get to the information as of his/her necessities. Clients are sovereign of the capacity issues like ordering confinements and so forth of the database. The applied design of the database has no impact on account of the change of the physical stockpiling systems.The External LevelThe outside level is one close to clients. That is the one partner with the mode wherein the information is seen through specific clients. At the outer level the DBMS diagrams each client by methods for a common or specific view or portrayal of the information. There are various perspectives on the data and information at this stage, just as each view is an outline of division of the entire database. A view allows a customer access to their piece of the databa se, just as shields the rest of the database from them. Each outside view is depicted through methods for an outside portrayal, that made out of generally of portrayals of all of assortment of sorts of external record found that outer view. In outer level, the differing perspectives can have assorted delineations of the comparable information. For example one client can see date in the structure as day, month, year as another may examination as year, month, day.The outside level or perspective on DBMS is essentially related.

75 Persuasive Essay Topic Ideas

75 Persuasive Essay Topic Ideas The persuasive essay is one type of writing that you will likely come across in your academic career. A persuasive essay, if youre unfamiliar, is one in which you have to make an argument. You need to choose a side and prove why youre correct by using hard evidence and convincing language. The idea is that you want to convince the reader that your argument is the right one, so youll definitely want to pick a topic that youre passionate about and something that youll get excited about researching and writing. This exercise is designed so that you can clearly articulate your opinion and understand why its important to have evidence to back up your claim.Your teacher or instructor will probably have specific guidelines on what your essay should entail, but you might have a little bit of free reign on what kinds of topics you can explore and argue about in your essay. With so many things to argue about and for, it might be a little overwhelming to come up with a topic on your own. When y ou feel like youre stuck on brainstorming ideas, take a look at the following list of 75 persuasive essay topics. You may find something you can use, or something you can adapt for the specific guidelines of your paper. Happy writing!Educational persuasive essay topicsThere are so many things that can be discussed when it comes to education. In our country (and globally), there are many different opinions on how education should be handled and what tactics teachers or academic administrators should use. Here are a few topics on education (which could be expanded or changed to fit your teachers guidelines) that might be of interest to you.Should soda be offered in school cafeterias?Should schools teach abstinence-only education?Why should schools teach financial literacy?Do all students need to go to college?Should students take a gap year after high school?Do all students need to learn a foreign language?Is online or homeschool an effective way to learn?Should standardized tests det ermine whether or not you go on to another grade level?Should all students be required to participate in the arts?Should a college education be free?Should high school journalists be protected under the First Amendment?Some universities just have pass/fail grades instead of letter grades. How do you feel about this?Should teachers/professors be unbiased in the classroom?Should you still learn cursive in elementary school? What are the disadvantages/ advantages?Many college campuses have speakers come in occasionally. These speakers can range in political opinion and some can be controversial. Should you let speakers come to schools that have controversial rhetoric or ideas to uphold free speech?Political persuasive essay topicsThey say that you should never talk about politics or religion because its not polite. But in a persuasive essay, that rule is completely extinguished. Politics and religion are hotbed subjects for a reasonâ€"because so many people have radically different ide as of how a society and a country should operate. What side of these political persuasive topics are you on? Take a stab at one of these and the paper will likely fly out onto the keyboard.Should protesters be allowed to block traffic? Do they pose a threat to public safety?Why should you vote?Should same-sex marriage be legal?What is your opinion on protecting religious liberties?What is your opinion on separating church and state?Why has the country become so divided politically over the past few years? Can it be fixed?Many industries (like coal and manufacturing) are tough to find a job in and many Americans are out of work. How should we solve this problem?Should citizens under 18 be able to vote?Should a National Voter ID law be passed to avoid voter fraud?What does the phrase fake news mean?Local newspapers are dwindling. What should be done, if anything, about this problem?Should local municipalities do more to combat global warming? If so, how?How should we reduce the threat of terrorism in the United States?Females have traditionally lower participation in politics. Why do you think that is?Some people say that the top 1% of earners dont pay enough taxes. How do you feel about this?Will a huge wall on the southern border with Mexico solve the United States immigration problem?How should we solve the United States immigration problem?The voter turnout for the 2016 presidential election was less than 60%, which is much lower than in other democratic societies. Why do you think this is and what can be done about it (or should anything be done about it)?Millennials are graduating college with a lot of student loan debt. What should be done to avoid a debt crisis?Many say that minimum wage jobs are low skill and the workers in them shouldnt be compensated more for their work, but others claim that a minimum wage job isnt enough money to live off of. Which side do you land on?What do you think of celebrities who are vocal about environmental issues but who frequently fly on private, and not commercial, jets?Crime and legal persuasive essay topicsCrime in any society is an unfortunate inevitability. Why does crime happen and what should be done about it? These are just a few of the things to explore in these crime/legal persuasive essay topics.What should we do about a city with a high crime rate like Chicago?Should guns be allowed on college campuses?Should gun laws be more restrictive?Do we have a right to privacy?Trends have shown that many recent terrorists have been convicted or accused of domestic violence. What should be done and how do you feel about this?Should we have the death penalty? If so, when should it be used?Many prisoners are incarcerated for minor drug charges (such as possession of drugs or drug paraphernalia). Should we try to rehabilitate these prisoners or should they serve their full sentences?Colorado has legalized marijuana for recreational purposes. What is your opinion of this?Do you think marijuana is a ga teway drug which leads some users to harder drugs?Can criminals be rehabilitated?Many prisoners who enter the system are likely to have a high recurrence of criminal activity. What can be done to solve this?Many people are starting to use drones for recreational activity. Should there be restrictions on where and how you can use your personal drone?Self-driving cars are expected to become increasingly used on city roads. If a self-driving car gets into an accident, whose fault is it? The engineers?Health persuasive essay topicsHealth is something that we all have to worry about. Whether its our own health or the health of a loved one, there are many things to think about and research on. Whats your opinion on the healthcare system in our country? Should we treat drug addiction like a disease? How should we handle end-of-life care? Try out one of these essay topics to research and gain insight on some of the biggest challenges and questions that our society faces when it comes to hea lth.Opioid addiction is at an all-time high in states like Ohio. What should we do to combat this?Should healthcare be universal?How do you feel about paternity leave?Should women get guaranteed maternity leave?The state of California requires that you display nutrition facts about menu items in restaurants. Should all states do this?Should fast food be sin taxed like cigarettes are?There is an effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act. Should we do this or not? If we should, what improvements can be made to a replacement act?Many soldiers are coming back from warfare with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. What should we do to help them?Many Americans are overweight. What has caused this health crisis and what can be done about it?Should vitamins and supplements be more tightly regulated?Should health insurance companies provide more financial incentives for subscribers to work out and eat more healthfully?Womens and gender persuasive essay topicsAre there inherent differen ces between men and women or is that just a societal myth? Women have gained a lot more rights over the last 100 years in America, but some say they still have a long way to go before they achieve equal rights. How do you feel about this and other womens and gender issues? Explore the following fascinating topics.Women have what is known as the second shift (meaning that as soon as they get home from work they have additional responsibilities that require their attention immediately). What do you think about this concept and should anything be done about it?There are many womens rights and minority rights advocates. Should there be mens rights advocacy groups? What about Caucasian advocacy groups?Some people say that gender is a socially constructed norm. What do you think?Women who participate in body building competitions are trying to build the ideal figure, which some claim is an outdated, sexist idea. But some argue that building muscles is considered a sport and a traditionall y masculine idea. Which side do you agree with?Some people think that beauty pageants are outdated and anti-feminist and shouldnt be televised anymore. How do you feel?New wave feminism is the idea that feminism can encompass many different ideas of what it is to be a feminist. Its the idea that you can have choices (whether thats staying at home with children or trying to be a CEO). How do you feel about new wave feminism?Miscellaneous persuasive essay topicsOf course, there are more categories of essay topics than what are listed above. Here are some additional essay topics if you havent found one yet that captures your interest.Does social media improve or hurt our society?Is it important or frivolous to travel the world?Many Americans watch a lot of reality TV shows. Why do you think this is?With many people reading digital copies of books, are libraries necessary anymore?Should anything be done to curb the rise in offensive lyrics in music?Should pregnant women be allowed to pa rk in handicapped parking spots?Recent studies have shown that pets improve the mental and the physical health of their owners. Should pet-related expenses be tax-deductible?What do you think about net neutrality?With the rise in selfies and Instagram photo filtering apps, do you think we have become a more self-obsessed society?

The Everyday Challenges Of A Person Who Is Deaf At The...

The Everyday Challenges of a person who is Deaf: At the Workplace When it comes to everyday challenges faced by Deaf individuals, many instances come to mind where discrimination can take place, but for the sake of this paper I will be focusing on those instances that occur in the workplace, why they happen, and what can be done to remedy them. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), there are approximately 28 million Americans that have some level of hearing loss and of that group, about 400,000 individuals are classified as profoundly deaf, or unable to hear any sound below 95 decibels (Ray, 2016). When it comes to challenges faced in the workplace, the discrimination for Deaf individuals begins well before being hired, assuming they get hired in the first place. â€Å"Failure to provide an American Sign Language Interpreter, for example, can sink a Deaf job seeker’s chances in an interview. Deaf applicants may also face discrimination and lack of empathy prom potential employers who do not want to treat th em as equals† (Heibutzki, 2016). This is a problem because discrimination has no place in the workplace and, because of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); it is supposed to be illegal. Due to the fact that the ADA mandates than an employer provide reasonable accommodation for disabilities unless it causes an undue hardship, many employers are coming to the conclusion that hiring a Deaf individual would cause undue hardship and are notShow MoreRelatedThe University Of Nebraska Medical Center931 Words   |  4 PagesCenter-Omaha has recently been recognized for excellence in accommodating individuals with disabilities. This is an excellent accomplishment and one that everyone should be proud of. The state of Nebraska, the State Medical Board, and all persons with disabilities who visit the medical center are very proud of this accomplishment and recognition. As a diversity consultant, I am very familiar with the ADA, the persistence it takes to maintain it and the key elements of a team to be successful. The UniversityRead MoreSensory Loss Essays1961 Words   |  8 Pagesaffects many body systems. Many of the signs and symptoms of this condition begin in infancy or early childhood, although some appear later in life. Alstrà ¶m syndrome is characterized by a progressive loss of vision and hearing, Stickler: Children who have Stickler syndrome often experience eye disorders more commonly associated with older adults. †¢ Severe nearsightedness. Children with Stickler syndrome are often born with severe nearsightedness, a vision disorder in which you can see nearRead MoreAs Faith Community Nurses ( Fcns ), We Advocate For The Disable Person Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesAs Faith Community Nurses (FCNs), we advocate for the disable person. Knowing key resources for the members of our community will contribute to the success of our service. 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Ben is a CODA, Child Of Deaf Adults, and like many CODA’s tried to stray from the deaf community be was eventually drawn back to it. He is currently teaching at the only deaf collegeRead MoreApplication Letter For Student Writing Essay2493 Words   |  10 Pagesthey must be empowered to take action and respond to challenges using professional skill and knowledge (Rao, 2012).?As healthcare professionals we often face complex ethical dilemmas in the workplace (Murray, 2010). Whistle blowing is significant to nursing in that it gives nursing professionals an opportunity to report wrongdoing ?within an organization without fearing retaliation?. Wrong doings that go against ethical and moral values.? Nurses who have a moral courage to report unethical behaviorRead MoreWal Mart Case Study The Challenge of Managing Relationships with Stakeholders17330 Words   |  70 Pagesâ€Å"The Challenge of Managing Relationships with Stakeholders† A Case Study on Business Ethics and Stakeholder Relationships A Report by Abdul Rahman Nawawi Holger Behrens Jurattana Jamkrajang Paphat Kriangthanapha Phikulthong Pangjunan Suttasinee Suebsahakarn Younten Phuntso 53060790 52027564 50019826 52032481 54055255 52047480 53060909 Submitted to Ajarn Nakul Boonrod 29 May 2012 In partial fulfillment for the course: IBC 360: Business Ethics Semester 2/2011 1 Table of Contents Read MoreQcf 5 Unit 5015985 Words   |  24 Pagesrequirements in own role The learner can: 1.1 Review the range of groups and individuals whose communication needs must be addressed in own job role 1.2 Explain how to support effective communication within own job role 1.3 Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role 1.4 Implement a strategy to overcome communication barriers 1.5 Use different means of communication to meet different needs Learning outcome 2 2. Be able to improve communication systems and practices thatRead MoreHsc Level 5 Unit 534 Essay14626 Words   |  59 Pagesinternationally acceptable and widely used term for the individual people of an entire ethnic group in the USA; not just in use orally, it also appeared in book titles. In more recent times the Australian word â€Å"abo† to describe an aboriginal or indigenous person is considered offensive by most people and is dropping out of use. The moral Language changes, and we are capable of giving it a nudge in the right direction - even if we run the risk of being considered â€Å"politically correct† by some people or sometimes

First Knight Character Analysis - 762 Words

Medieval romances are narrative fictions representing the adventures and values of the highest class. Medieval romances were around the 15th century, which is around the late 1300s. One of the many movies made about this time period was the movie the First Knight, it was produced by Jerry Zucker in 1995. In the movie, First Knight, the characters act like they are the best of the best and that they have nothing to hide when it comes to their romantic relationships. The movie shows the knight in shining armor and hero in almost every way, the connection between two people who can’t be together, and they also show what happened when you are caught doing something you know you shouldn’t be doing when you are married to someone else. But the†¦show more content†¦Last but not least, Sir Lancelot and Guinevere have this connection that is shown to every viewer all throughout the movie. Guinevere was engaged to be married to Sean Connery’s character King Arthur at the time Sir Lancelot and her met, he saved her for the first time from Maleagant’s men when they tried to kidnap her the first time. After Sir Lancelot saved her, they shared this look together and they kissed and to the viewer it looked like they were connecting with each other. After they shared the kiss, Guinevere stopped everything before someone caught them. But that didn’t stop her from wanting him or stop Sir Lancelot from wanting Guinevere, even when she said she wanted nothing to do with him. The viewer watches this go on throughout the movie until Sir Lancelot decides he can’t watch her with someone else and is going to leave Camelot. Guinevere and Sir Lancelot kiss repeatedly until they are caught by King Arthur himself. Sir Lancelot is thrown into a room with nothing in it, and Guinevere tries to talk to the King but gets nowhere with him and he decides to go to trial for adultery. The First Knight shows the viewer all kinds of things, it shows them that someone is out there for them even when you’re with someone else - just don’t cheat. If they have feelings for someone else, do the right thing. It also shows them how times have changed since the 1300s. The viewersShow MoreRelatedEssay on Character Analysis of Lancelot in the Movie the First Knight692 Words   |  3 PagesIn the medieval time, knight was a really essential part of the society, because they protected people and prosperities for them. They are respected, and have good behavior. In order to keep the good reputation, people came up with the code of chivalry which lists all the qualities that a knight should have. The movie, First Knight is about a man named Lancelot who is good with sword. He saves the life of King Arthur’s wife, Guinevere, and his behavior captures King Arthur’s attention. 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Risden in his analysis of â€Å"One Thousand and One Nights,† mentioned â€Å"Sir Gawain and Green Knight† and some of the main subjects of both of these tales. After reading Norton’s â€Å"Sir Gawai n and Green Knight† and Geraldine Mccaughrean’s â€Å"Arabian Nights,† I intend to show that â€Å"Sir Gawain and Green Knight† was writtenRead More King Arthur Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesKing Arthur Character Analysis The character of King Arthur is unique in literature. Most characters are known through their actions and words as described by the author of a story. Arthur, however, is a conglomerate of characters described by many different authors over a fifteen hundred year span. There is no single depiction of him, and one cannot trace his origin to a single author for the definitive description. As such, the character of Arthur is different depending on the era, cultureRead More A Character Analysis of Sir Gawain as Presented In Sir Gawain and The Green Knight1426 Words   |  6 PagesA Character Analysis of Sir Gawain as Presented In Sir Gawain and The Green Knight In Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, the character of Sir Gawain is skillfully brought to life by the unknown author. Through the eyes of numerous characters in the poem, we see Gawain as a noble knight who is the epitome of chivalry; he is loyal, honest and above all, courteous. As the story progresses, Gawain is subjected to a number of tests of character, some known and some unknown. These tests tell us a greatRead More##mal Characters In Bisclavret And The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1408 Words   |  6 Pagesof inhuman characters have been used throughout fiction to show readers the horrors that lie just beyond the brink of what is considered human. Characters with abnormal traits are used to create fear in the reader as they look upon the accounts of strange, crazy and even macabre characters. Two examples of abnormal characters in literature are the knight from â€Å"Bisclavret† by Marie de France and the protagonist of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Each of these characters representRead MoreThe Code Of Chivalry And The Fundamental Thoughts And Actions Of Human Nature1499 Words   |  6 Pagesof Chivalry and the fundamental thoughts and actions of human nature helps to further analyze Gawain’s character. The definition of Chivalry is the â€Å"set of values and code of conduct for the medieval knightly class† (Shatz) examining Gawain’s attempts to achieve his goal of being the perfect chivalric knight, the nature of his obstacles has to be determined, and the development of his character has to be analyze. In trying to live up to perfection, Gawain discovers that he is not perfect just likeRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales Comparative Essay887 Words   |  4 Pagesand Composition A Knight Nobler Than a Monk The Canterbury Tales, written at the end of the fourteenth century, is a frame story written by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the novel, the narrator joins a diverse group of twenty-nine pilgrims who are traveling from Southwark to the shrine of the martyr Saint Thomas’a Becket. While the pilgrims are gathered at the inn, Chaucer observes the pilgrims and records a descriptive account of twenty-seven of the pilgrims, which include a knight and a monk. When readingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Wife Of Bath 1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Fails: An Analysis of Misogyny in the Wife of Bath’s Tale At first glance, you wouldn’t think that the Wife of Bath’s tale is anything other than feminist. She is, undeniably, the only non-religious female character in The Canterbury Tales and therefore is the only character who is approached from a point of view that was generally uncommon. We don’t have many— or even any, as far as I’m aware— pieces of medieval literature written by or for women or with a main female protagonistRead MoreEssay on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1617 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawaine and the Green Knight, a poem of pitting chivalrous courage against a game of deceitful trickery, relies heavily on the symbolic messages its protagonists send through their apparel. The anonymous poet dedicates numerous lines to describing the artifacts of armor, clothing, and jewelry both characters display. Dress, designed to convey a multitude of concepts is crucial to the storys plot; the elements of garb also work in tandem to reaff irm specific personality traits. The dominant role

Holder in Due Course Free Essays

A Holder in Due Course can be defined as a holder who takes a negotiable instrument in good faith, without noticing that such instrument has been dishonored or that there is a hiden fraudulent issue behind it. In this particular case, I don’t think that Any Kind Checks Cashed, Inc. should be considered as a Holder in Due Course. We will write a custom essay sample on Holder in Due Course or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is clear that ‘Any Kind’ company did not know what the issue behind that check was but, they should have speculated that there was something strange going on. Apparently, there was a business that had been operating for a while and that they understood and know what kind of people will normally visit their store to cash their checks. I consider that the issue arises when Michael of Any Kind Cashed Checks, decides to pay a portion of the check made by Talcott and deposit the rest without trying to reach the drawer in order to confirm such transaction. I think that doing so, Any Kind Cashed Checks failed to comply with the reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing such as good faith. If Talcott was unreachable, Michael should have Guarino come back at a later time or at least called the bank and see what the status of the check was. One thing is clear; Guarino did not attempt to go to the bank because he knew something could go wrong if he did. If Any Kind Cashed Checks would have only noticed that a broker shouldn’t have anything to hide and that a person like him would normally go to the bank instead of a checks cashing store the story would have surely been different. Personally, I agree and disagree with the court’s decision over this case. I consider that Talcott shouldn’t be liable for the $5,700. He actually was victim of a fraud and he has valid real defenses against Rivera and Guarino. Any Kind is not in fault in this specific scenario because they waited for the owner’s confirmation in order to cash the check. I would think that Talcott would be able to get his money back and of course sued these two men who took advantage of his age to cheat. On the other hand I believe that Any Kinds should be held liable for the $10,000. Furthermore, Michael specifically, which as a supervisor should have not only known the procedure but should have also followed it. I am guessing she was lead by the fact that she would have received a nice commission out of a $10,000 check and didn’t think twice when she cashed and deposit the check without the owners approval. The case doesn’t state much information on this but if I am not wrong she also lost due to the fact that the check had a stop payment request by the owner. In conclusion, I would like to state that I don’t believe Any Kind Cashed Checks is or should be considered as an HDC due to the fact that they relied on their own judgment and experience at the moment of cashing and depositing the $10,000 check. There is a clear failire to the good faith principle in such a scenario. Moreover, showing a federal express envelope to prove that Talcott truly sent the check shouldn’t be sufficient evidence to prove everything is correct. How to cite Holder in Due Course, Papers

Grey Teak Technology of Australia

Question: Write a report about the Grey Teak Technology of Australia. Answer: Introduction The report highlights some of the main features of the website of the company Grey Teak Technology of Australia. The head office of the company Grey Teak Technology is situated in city Melbourne of Australia. The company mainly deals with the development of software for its clients. The company has launched a new website for their design studios. The company has created the website in a way that would draw the attention of almost all the people who are interested in the services of the company. The website of the company claims that the company provides secure and robust systems for ground up. The website also draws the attention of the people to the fact that the expert team of the company develops efficient software as per the requirements of their clients. The website also claims that reliability is one of the several reasons why the clients of the company choose them over all other software developing firms (Greyteak.com.au 2016). Some of the salient features of the website include that the website generates a clear idea in the minds of the people about the works that the company Grey Teak Technology does. The homepage of the website of the company contains the list of the services that the company provides. Some of the services include the following: Development of software for the enterprises. Management of systems and applications. Development of the system design. Advance development of websites. Improvement of the business process Services of the maintenance of the websites. Apart from the list of the services that the company provides, the website also gives a brief overview of some of the information about the company. The website acquaints its users to the company profile. Moreover, people can access the contact details of the company through its websites (Hsu et al. 2012). Some of the positive aspects that one can notice about the website of the company are that the company can reach a wider range of its clients through this website. Secondly, anyone can access the website from anywhere of the world and at anytime. The users of the website can easily access all the information related to the business of the company. The company can use the website for the purpose of publicity and for advertising their product or new software (Kim and Lennon 2013). Some of the negative aspects associated with the website are that the clients of the company may consider the information given in the website to be unreliable. This happens when the company does not update the information on the website from time to time. There can be other related issues like the crashing of the website or the problem of spam (Ionescu and Serban 2012). The company has presented the website in a very efficient format. The clients of the company can easily use the companys website. The client s find it very easy to interact with the managers of the company through the website. Hence, this adds to the positive side of this website. The company Grey Teak Technology of Australia has passed through different phases before launching the new website of the company. The website launch has undergone the exposure stage and the interaction stage. The stage of exposure of the website of the company includes the planning of the launch of the new website. At this stage the board of directors hold meetings and discussions regarding the launch of the new website. The interaction stage follows the exposure stage. The website of the company is in the e-commerce stage. The company conducts its trade and business online through the website (Sozinova and Fokina 2015). Looking at the services that the company provides to its customers and to other business organisations, one can conclude that the website of the company is in the e-commerce stage. The website of the company requires hardware and software like all other websites. The estimation of the minimum requirement of hardware of the website for five users using the website at the same time should consist of the following: Minimum space for the database needs to be 10GB. CPU should have Intel Core 2 RAM should be of 2GB. For twenty five concurrent users, the hardware requirements consists of a 4GB RAM with a minimum database of 10GB (Kendall et al. 2014). Similarly the software requirements of the website would include the operating systems, the web browsers, the networks, firewall configuration, prerequisite packages and directory and environment configuration script (Bonarini et al. 2014). E-commerce generally comprises of the selling of the services and products online. The strategy to implement e-commerce contains many elements that are separate and unique from each other. E-commerce demands a sophisticated system of content management. To start with the e-commerce system, one can see that e-commerce requires a dedicated system of payment, purchase and support system. E-commerce also demands strong procedures for managing the relationship with the customers. A sound effort for marketing is also very important with respect to the implementation of e-commerce. The company requires a professional and good quality website that demands careful management and development (Chen et al. 2013). Before implementing the e-commerce, the owner of the website should keep in mind the following points; E-commerce is not always suitable and appropriate for selling every product and services. E-commerce is quite complex. The owner may need to spend a lot of money to get the things right about the e-commerce. It is not very easy to design and manage a e-commerce website efficiently. The clicks and mortar approach seems to be the best in implementing the e-commerce website. The approach combines traditional retail resources with the online options (Gangeshwer 2013). There are some products present in the market that are very well suited for the e-commerce. Digital products such as the information and software are the top ranked e-commerce product. Some other products that are suitable for the e-commerce market are the products with higher values as compared to their cost of fulfilment, products that people do not find easily in stores, products that people find easier to buy online than from stores, products that people do not need to try while buying (Ionescu and Serban 2012). Here are a few strategies that the author of this report wants to suggest to the owner of the website to implement the e-commerce: The owner first needs to understand the scope of his intentions. The owner needs to plan his strategies for implementing e-commerce well in advance. The owner needs to manage the inventory, payment, sales fulfilment and security. The owner needs to be efficient to integrate the e-commerce website with the rest of the ventures of the business. The owner needs to mention on the e-commerce website that the company is ready to sell their software to all the other countries outside their own country Australia. This would fetch the customers from all over the world. To accomplish this, the owner needs to have a clear knowledge of exporting the services and products. The owner of the website should offer the e-commerce services first to the existing customers of the company. This would help the owner to gradually increase the market for the e-commerce website (Perrigot and Pnard 2013). The author of the report feels that following the above mentioned strategies, the owner of the website can successfully implement the e-commerce model to earn more profit. The software requirement for e-commerce website has become more streamlined and developed. The software required for e-commerce is not very cheap, neither it is easy and simple to run everything smoothly. Hence, the degree of difficulty increases with e-commerce websites. Some of the software required by the e-commerce website includes a web server such as Google Chrome, Windows internet explorer, Opera. Some of the home server software includes Apache, FreeNas, and Debian. The computer must have a unique IP address (Kendall et al. 2014). The hardware requirements of high traffic e-commerce sites and low traffic e- commerce depends on different factors. One can run the low traffic e-commerce websites on single machines that depend on the needs of the business. Pentium II or III with Intel server that runs Linux is capable of serving over hundreds of customers of the company in each day (Bonarini et al. 2014). Conclusion The report describes the features of the website that the company Grey Teak Technology in Australia has launched recently. The report highlights both the positive and negative sides and the usability aspect of the companys website. The report also provides a guideline to the owner of the website for implementing the e-commerce model. Hence, with the help of the report, one can get a clear idea about the implementation and launching of an e-commerce website. References: Bonarini, A., Matteucci, M., Migliavacca, M. and Rizzi, D., 2014. R2P: An open source hardware and software modular approach to robot prototyping.Robotics and Autonomous Systems,62(7), pp.1073-1084. Chen, P.W., Lin, W.Y., Huang, T.H. and Pan, W.T., 2013. Using fruit fly optimization algorithm optimized grey model neural network to perform satisfaction analysis for e-business service.Appl. Math,7(2L), pp.459-465. Gangeshwer, D.K., 2013. E-commerce or Internet Marketing: A business Review from Indian context.International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology,6(6), pp.187-194. Greyteak.com.au. (2016). GreyTeak Technologies - The Best, Professional Logo design, Web design and Systems development company in Melbourne, Australia. Hsu, C.L., Chang, K.C. and Chen, M.C., 2012. The impact of website quality on customer satisfaction and purchase intention: perceived playfulness and perceived flow as mediators.Information Systems and e-Business Management,10(4), pp.549-570. Ionescu, A.A. and Serban, R., 2012. Presentation of various types of electronic business available on the Internet, Advantages, Disadvantages, Key Requirements and Security, Implementation Model of an Electronic Business.International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories,2(3), pp.179-196. Kendall, K.E., Kendall, J.E. and Wasson, C.S., 2014.Systems analysis and design(Vol. 19, p. 02). Year Prentice Hall, 2011. Kim, J. and Lennon, S.J., 2013. Effects of reputation and website quality on online consumers' emotion, perceived risk and purchase intention: Based on the stimulus-organism-response model.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,7(1), pp.33-56. Perrigot, R. and Pnard, T., 2013. Determinants of e-commerce strategy in franchising: a resource-based view.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,17(3), pp.109-130. Sozinova, A.A. and Fokina, O.V., 2015. Special aspects of studying the internet as a marketing communication channel of the service industry.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(4), p.139.

Measuring Economic Health Essay Example

Measuring Economic Health Essay Measuring Economic Health Name: Course: Instructor: We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Economic Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Economic Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Economic Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Institution: Date: Measuring Economic Health Economics is the study of production, allocation and consumption of goods and services in either a household or industry at large. The economy of a country plays a vital role in knowing how the development process will advance. The economic health of a country should therefore, be monitored to ensure that the country does not go into a recession. The indicators of a country’s economic health are; interest rates, wealth distribution, per capita income, inflation rates, unemployment levels, balance of payment and gross domestic product or gross national product. The government studies these indicators in order to make sure its country’s economic health is excellent (Henderson, 2008). Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P) is the market value of all the goods produced within a country in a given year. Business cycle refers to fluctuations that take place in the economy over a certain period. The rate at which G.D.P increases or decreases helps to measure business cycles. When the G.D.P of a country increases, the business cycle is going to go through an expansion. When the G.D.P declines, the business cycle is then going to go through a recession. Thus, G.D.P and business cycles have a direct correlation to each other (Rittenberg, Tregarthen Mikalson, 2011). Various government bodies determine the national fiscal policies that a country decides to take how they are implemented and maintained. The Treasury department, which is in charge of government spending, administers and creates fiscal policies. It ensures that the policies are implemented as per how they were constructed. The Management and Budget Office assist the treasury department to conduct inquiries regarding the needs of the citizens of that country. They do this by providing information necessary in decision-making and then implement the new policies that are needed. The office of the president has the final say in the national fiscal policies that are implemented in a country. To ensure that the policies will help in a country the government accountability office audits it. It makes sure that the fiscal policies are up to par with the country’s development policies. Interest rates and Taxation are fiscal policies that affect production and employment respectively. Change in interest rates affects money supply in an economy. If interest rates are increased on loans are increased, it means that less people will take out loans but when thus reducing the money supply in the economy. When interest rates are reduced, money supply increases. Tax reduces an individual’s disposable income and thus affects employment. A decrease in tax affects may lead to an increase in employment opportunities. Increase in tax, on the other hand, is viewed by citizens as a form of punishment discouraging people from paying tax. This is because they prefer being paid under the table. Government spending and taxes affect the economy’s production and employment. This is because when the government spending increases and taxes reduce, it results in an increase in money supply. This is because the government pays for part of the consumer’s expenditure through subsidies and there are fewer taxes to be paid. The negative side of fiscal policies can be felt when the government spending is reduced, and taxation is increased. This will in turn result in the consumer paying more for the basic commodities that he or she might need. Therefore, the economic health of a country is determined by the fiscal policies that a government may choose to employ. Reference: Rittenberg, L., Tregarthen, T. D., Mikalson, B. (2011). Principles of macroeconomics version 1.1.1. Irvington, NY: Flatworld Knowledge. Henderson, D. R. (2008). The concise encyclopedia of economics. Indianapolis, Ind: Liberty Fund.

Texas essays

Texas essays Texas is the second largest state after Alaska. The first man who ever explored it was a man named Pineda. When he arrived there the only humans there were the Native Indians. He conquered it for Spain. Then later on the Mexicans came along and conquered it. Then after that the white men came and decided that they wanted Texas so they fought the Mexicans for the land and won it. So if you live in Texas I am pretty sure youll see a very large amount of Spanish and Mexicans. The reason that they live here is because they still think that it is there land. So how about we talk about the population of Texas. Say you came to Texas one day and you thought that it was all white cowboys saying howdy. Well I bet you thought wrong because Texas has a very large variety of different people like, Arabs who speak Arabic and English, Mexicans who speak Spanish and English, Chinese who speak Chinese and English, Africans who speak Swahili and English, etcetera. So I hope that now you know that Tex as isnt all white and cowboys, its every thing. Well I got to go for now but we will talk again, I hope. Bye. Oh wait I forgot to tell you about the four regions of Texas, they are the, great plains, central plains, gulf costal plains which is the biggest, and mountains and basins. The mountains and basins have one sub region. The Great Plains has five, the gulf costal has three or four, and the central plains have four. ...

Business Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law - Research Paper Example Therefore, he is not supposed to use the firm’s name to assure his potential employees that it will protect them without any questions asked. It should be clear to the client that the firm is not in any way involved or taking part in his business. The main obligation of the firm is to represent him and provide him with legal advice whenever necessary but not get involved in his personal business (Pollock, 2009). Civil tort and client’s dealings The client had gone against the law for using the firm’s name to do his business hence the firm is in order to file a lawsuit. The firm, therefore, shall receive compensation for damages or the court will decide on the remedies for damages (Glannon, 2010). Additionally, the firm has every right to terminate its legal responsibility with the client after the concern has been resolved. It was wrong for the client to start using the firm’s name without the consent of the firm, as the public may think that the firm will represent them without any questions asked as stated by the client. Moreover, this is a major misstatement. If anything occurred during this time between the client and his pyramid scheme and the employees proceed to demand an explanation from the firm, it would have taken the firm by surprise. This shows the seriousness of the matter hence the firm can terminate its dealings with the client and go ahead with a lawsuit. Senior Partner’s Position The senior partner has the ability to, personally, file a lawsuit against the client without even involving the firm, as it was his public image and reputation that was compromised. Additionally, he charges for any type of endorsement of service or product because he has been involved in television previously... From this paper, it is clear that the client had gone against the law for using the firm’s name to do his business hence the firm is in order to file a lawsuit. The firm, therefore, shall receive compensation for damages or the court will decide on the remedies for damages (Glannon, 2010). Additionally, the firm has every right to terminate its legal responsibility with the client after the concern has been resolved. It was wrong for the client to start using the firm’s name without the consent of the firm, as the public may think that the firm will represent them without any questions asked as stated by the client. Moreover, this is a major misstatement. If anything occurred during this time between the client and his pyramid scheme and the employees proceed to demand an explanation from the firm, it would have taken the firm by surprise. In conclusion, other cases regarding tort include Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) where the claimant went to a shop and bought a drink o nly to find that the drink had a decomposing snail in it hence making him sick. He filed a lawsuit, and the court held the manufacturer accountable hence paying for damages. Similarly, in Harris v Evans (1998) where by the claimant in this particular case lost a lot of money due to the misinformation that he was provided with by the Health officers. In this case, the firm has the ability to use the client according to the facts presented. Similarly, the senior partner of the firm can also personally sue the client for tort.

Strategic Management of Information Systems Essay - 1

Strategic Management of Information Systems - Essay Example The Information Systems (IS) can be considered as an example of such sector. In fact, it seems that the interaction between IS strategy and business strategy is quite close. This means that the success of business strategy is highly depended on the effectiveness of IS strategy and vice versa. On the other hand, the intervention of IS strategy on business strategy is not standardized, as of its level; rather differences can be identified across businesses in different industries. The relationship between the IS strategy and the business strategy is explored in this paper by referring to a particular organization. The firm operates in the financial services industry; it is implied that the dependency of the firm on IS systems is strong. During the last 3 years the firm has managed to achieve a rapid growth, a fact that has been related to the effectiveness of its IS. However, failures, at operational level, have not been avoided, a problem that could affect the business performance in the long term. The presentation and analysis of the firm’s IS strategy and business strategy could help to realize the role of these strategies in the achievement of competitive advantage and the criteria that a successful investment on IS systems should meet. At the next level, recommendations are made for developing a risk management strategy so that the chances for severe organizational failures in the future are minimized. Within each organization IS can have a different role. For example, there are IS systems that are developed for addressing specific business problems (Oz 2008). There are also IS systems that are introduced only for ‘creating opportunities’ (Oz 2008, p.42). These opportunities aim to help an organization to increase its competitiveness in its industry, either at local or international level (Oz 2008). The above IS systems are also known as ‘strategic information systems, SIS’ (Oz 2008, p.42). These IS systems are of critical importance for business

Product Launch Report: Fast Food

Product Launch Report: Fast Food EXECUTIVE SUMMERY This project is about super deluxe burger combo developed by BURGER FUEL named as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"RICHIE FREAKOUT â€Å"as Richie is New Zealand rugby team captain and is well known personality all over. When we heard his name Words like passion, energy, power, effectiveness strike in our mind. This combo meal include flat bread bun having different variety of meat. Will be given with energy drink rather than soft drink. The need to introduce this is as young generation intake energy drink a lot and consumption of healthy energy giving product is more so by providing this combo we will likely to target the young teen which play crucial role in our store as more than 50% of sale is dependent on them. The need to introduce this burger is as customer are more demanding and need innovation in product by introducing new flat bread bun this deluxe combo with energy drink make customer attracted. INTRODUCTION Burger Fuel is a New Zealand owned chain of burger restaurants with 52 locations around the world including 46 locations in New Zealand.it is high energy burger brand that experience huge success in Middle East and now exposing growing market in New Zealand. Burger fuel is leading top brand in food market now a days. Burger fuel is well known KIWI brand as it known for its specialaiolisauce, freshness, taste. As it is very interesting to know that 31 March 2013 resulted in a profit of $1,098,294. This was a 55% increase in the profit from that of previous year of the $708,360. Which result in total sale of $ 49.3M in current year. Making it compare with last year there is increase of 29.2% in total sale of burger fuel which is huge achievement. (annual report burger fuel 2013, 2013) IDEA OF THE SUPER DELUXE COMBO New burger fuel super deluxe burger combo name as â€Å"RICHIE FREAKOUT† is going to be introduced in young market era where people are mainly concern with intake of energy, healthy and nutritious diet. This deluxe combo will be provided with ENERGY DRINK and also the combo will have flat bread. Burger fuel try to focus on each and every people in market now a days youngster have more intake of energy drink. As now all people are concern with health issue new flat bread bun in introduced which is oil free with no fat. We try to focus young generation as in past few years are sale likely to increase due to variety we provide to them. COMPETITOR As we have new super deluxe combo which is different from offering of different competitor but still we have competitor in market: Subway Burger King McDonalds But since we having number of competitor but idea to introduce flat bread bun and energy drink with combo meal is likely to be new. MARKET SHARE TARGET MARKET By introducing this super deluxe burger combo burger fuel try to target young generation as they play crucial role for each and every company. As we look profits of burger fuel from past few years. According to annual report of burger fuel up to financial year 31 March 2013 has again demonstrated a significant improvement in his performance. The small chain of business continue to grow and is becoming stronger both in local and international market As at 31 March 2013 there were 44  Burger Fuel outlets operating and the Group has  Considerable Young generation like the different combo meals offer by burger fuel. SEGEMENT PROFITABILITY As our product price are generally high as we offer quality product. But keeping in mind combo is designed for young generation price is likely to be moderate will be provided with addition deal on Weekends. Increasing sale by giving additional sale make sale to go high and will increase profit margin. POSITIONING OF THE PRODUCT As most of business can’t afford investing of thousands of dollars in advertising and promotion every month as it is going to increase price of product as we are introducing new super deluxe combo meal at reasonable price. By spending more on advertisement will likely to increase combo price so by making new pamphlets of store different combo highlighting super deluxe deal in beginning will make people to know about product and also we will able to introduce our other combo through it. MARKETING MIX PRODUCT The product involves all its particular features and benefits. It can be seen from the Salad Cream campaign that a decision was taken not to alter the taste of salad cream and only to change the bottle shape and packaging. Hence, the product aspect of the marketing mix was left relatively unchanged. In the case of Salad Cream the price aspects of the mix were altered: price was increased, because focus group research supported the view that a price increase in Salad Cream would be acceptable to consumers. Promotion aspects were considerably changed. The advertising and promotional campaigns described above were extensive. Finally, place within the marketing mix was also unchanged in terms of the places where consumers could buy Salad Cream. No new sales outlets or distribution points were suggested by the campaign team. PRICE Price is one of most important element which create sales revenue, price of product is important determinant of value of sale made. Price is determined by market forces in accordance with time and circumstances. Deluxe combo must be introduced keeping in mind the total cost and market trend prevailing in market. PROMOTION Promotion is business communication it will provide information that will assist customer to buy. However successful promotion will result in increase in sales. By making well designed pamphlet highlighting super deluxe combo will likely to attract the people which is good for company. Other method which can be used for introducing are: Radio and television Poster and media Internet sites Promotion campaigns PLACE Product placement also known as product brand by which product is integrated in marketing practises. Marketing practise such as advertising, promotion brand name, package and other. In product placement The audience involve get to know about the product. By advertising super deluxe combo in television in between movies interval people will do come to know we must have to pay attention toward our combo layout DIFFERENTIATION Richie freakout is different from that of other combo deal which is being provided in store as combo come up with: Flat bread bun Energy drink BUSINESS STRATEGY Launching a new thing requires addressing the four marketing pillars of price, product, promotion and place of sale. To analyse each of these areas, we need to examine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to help minimizing our risks and maximize our resources before we run our promotion activities. STRENGTHS The combo we introducing it satisfy the need and demand of young generation as combo is designed according to their preferences and recommendation given by them. We manage to provide this combo with basic price out profitability will be quite less in accordance with out combo we provide but this deluxe combo will attract wide range of people which is good for us. WEAKNESSES A weakness is related with unnecessary things that happen. We must be prepare with the any short coming arise or any problem face during the process. We had to pay attention toward cost involve as we specialise in providing fresh. OPPORTUNITIES As we introducing new deluxe combo it will give great opportunities. As we coming up with new upcoming this will create great opportunities as they will attract number of youth which will create demand not for this but for overall combo. As we having lower overhead costs than a mature competitor, we might be able to price our self more competitively. THREATS Once we enter the market place, our competitors will likely to react. One of the biggest threats we face is our competition prevailing in market. We must have our backup plans for your pricing, promotion and distribution channels so that we can respond to competitor changes taking place. CONCLUSION This case study has examined burger fuel ability to use innovation in developed market place. There is need to innovate efforts in expanding market. The case study include some elements like Demand and preferences of customer to identify market opportunity Product innovation Introducing this super deluxe combo will create great opportunity this will not only give company a competitive advantage but will give sustained advantage to increase profitability. Hence if super deluxe combo is introduced it will build a strong relationship with our young generation. RECOMMEDATIONS First of all there must be proper stock of raw material as we deal in serving fresh meals Manager must forecast sale of store and must have estimated stock As we know providing energy drink there must proper set up of machinery to serve it. Ntec Concordia institute Internet Television: History and Future Internet Television: History and Future Internet Television: The Present and the Future Introduction The emergence of the Internet has revolutionized the way people conduct their life and activities, without them being aware of it. Conventional activities like going to the library, reading books, and shopping have converged to a single activity of sitting at the personal computer. Not only these, technology-based activities like watching television, listening to music and communicating on the telephone etc., which had previously been considered developed beyond expectations, have radically changed even more. One no longer gets mesmerized by watching videos on the Internet or streaming news items from web sites such as www.mtv.com or www.bbc.co.uk, respectively. There is virtually no difference in carrying out activities, like the above, through a single PC or through the designated equipments like radio, television or video recorders. For technologists, convergence of the media has been a revolution that has changed the world and the way we live, partly because it opens new avenues for exploration and partly because technologists believe they can improve the quality of these technology-based activities. In particular, the convergence of the Internet with broadcasting technology has altered not only the consumers perception of watching television but also related technologies and industries. Today, media companies are investing heavily in broadcast research and development (RD) and in Internet technology with the view to capture both types of consumer markets. What is more important in this race for changing the face of media is how technologists are developing even more complex media technologies to seamlessly converge broadcast and the Internet to offer a highly integrated environment for the future consumers. In the following discussion, the researcher shall explore how this historical revolution has come about, current development and future challenges. History of Television Broadcast and Internet Television Perhaps the most important development of television technology had been the vision of communications satellites in 1945 by Sir Arthur Clarke. The author used his knowledge of British Radar Establishment to outline the future of satellites. He wrote an article about using â€Å"extraterrestrial radio relays† for developing a global communications system to establish radio stations. What Clarke had not realized was that the relays he mentioned were illustrations of television signals, which has the same application today (Ippolito and Pelton 2004). Satellite communication system has become the foundation for television and radio broadcast, during the 1950s to date. Direct broadcast was introduced in 1960s and 1970s, also known as Direct to Home (DTH) or Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) or, in official terms, Broadcast Satellite Services (BSS). These initial BSS were dependent on the international route telecommunication backbone used for telephone and telex, and later for TV an d radio program distribution. This period witnessed a slowdown in satellite revolution as the governments, organizations and public interest groups were concerned about developments of satellite transmission power to the homes and beyond geographical boundaries. They were of the view that such technology could cause cultural, political and social damage (Sachdev and Swearingen 2004). Despite their objections, TV channel frequency developed high satellite transmission frequency through Effective Radiated Power, which could transmit analogue signals to even small antennas. The first operational Direct Broadcast or DTH system was developed in Europe by the German and French, which was known as TV-Sat in Germany and TeleDiffusion Francais in France. During the 1980s, the International Telecommunications Union was adopted by the US and European countries to broadcast programs across the Atlantic (Sachdev and Swearingen 2004). Clay Whitehead, an American, was a pioneer in developing Ku-ba nd frequencies, which altered the medium for â€Å"fixed service† satellite to broadcast TV directly to low receive-only dishes. The concept was furthered by Coronet, and then later acquired in 1984 by SES Astra. Astra became the true DBS satellites that were successful in transmitting high-frequency power to and from satellites, thus, providing a large number of TV channels to the users (Sachdev and Swearingen 2004). However, academics believe that true broadcast challenges came about with the introduction of terrestrial and digital broadcasting during the 1990s when television content was funded by advertising, and media mogul Rupert Murdoch monopolised television rights. During this period, Sky offered customers channel broadcast at premium subscription, which other television channels, like ITV, took the first offensive to launch ON Digital in 1998, which was followed by the BBC’s Freeview, and other channels. (The Future of Internet Television 2006). Parallel to these attacks on broadcast satellite had been the revolution in personal video recorders (PVRs), during the 1970s. The PVRs allowed users to tape TV content indefinitely without copyright issues. When the PVRs gave way to DVDs, the demand for at home entertainment did not diminish but, in fact, increased manifolds as users could now use electronic programming guides (EPG) to record television programs in high-quality broadcast that was made possible by digital television (The Future of Internet Television 2006). Digital television was an equipment revolution rather than broadcast, as it allowed higher quality content to be transmitted from the standard definition television (SDTV or Digital Video Broadcast) to high definition television (HDTV or ATSC or ISDB), as it gradually has eaten up mainstream analogue signal broadcast and replaced it with high-definition channel broadcast. Although currently ATSC and ISDB standards are being used at high cost of implementation, nevertheless, it has become the trend as HD-DVD and Blue Ray have become part of this mainstream broadcast technology. These new technologies of the 1990s and 2000s have made digital transformation from broadcast satellite to digital networks, and the Internet, possible (The Future of Internet Television 2006). Current Internet Television Today, there is no limitation to watching television anywhere one can imagine on the plane, in the kitchen, on the mobile phone, on walkways and even in the car, all made possible by the convergence of the Internet media and television broadcast technologies. Media convergence and interactivity have not only changed the cultural trend of television experience but also its functionality. The main emphasis is on viewer accessibility and near-video-on-demand (NVOD), which offers users the choice to watch broadcast content without the physical limitation of broadcast transmission to designated equipments or timing. Hence, the experience of watching television is no longer regarded as broadcast as it has changed its features from static to interactive, with different converged media functions. The computer furthered this technology of interactivity, while the Internet revolutionized the challenge of meeting user demand for a different type of experience (Crisell 2002). High-speed peer-to-peer sharing systems have enabled users to share files of TV shows, PVRs, VOD, and made watching TV on mobile devices possible. For these reasons, ISPs (Internet Service Providers) have also geared their networks to facilitate high-speed downloads through BitTorrent or such systems as they realized they need to capitalize on the shifting trend of watching television during primetime to all the time. Users prefer to watch TV at their ease and access it whenever their lifestyle allows them. With PVRs they are able to queue programs to be recorded, skip advertisements and watch ongoing broadcasts. The need to have an interactive medium has become more pronounced as technologists vie the Internet as the ideal medium for users to download compressed VODs and broadcast television programs. In the UK, this trend has gained popularity as users indicated their desire to watch popular programs and, at the same time, browse the Internet resources for new TV content and films (Brown and Barkhuus 2006). Delivering quality Internet TV service has become possible with a combination of two key developments: high-speed internet and compression technology. TV programs, when converted from analogue through Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) to digitized information files, they become extremely large, especially if they are high in resolution of pictures. Distribution of these audiovisual files over the Internet has become difficult, as the file would be too heavy for it to be transferred through the network. Even though digitization of TV, PVRs and DVDs reduced the size of such video streams, nevertheless, they still pose a challenge for ISPs. JPEG, MPEG (Motion Pictures Expert Group) and AVC (advanced video coding) video compression technologies, which were introduced by Microsoft to be integrated with Windows Media Video (WMV) to facilitate computer users to share high definition programming, emerged as the new format for audiovisual file interchange (Keen 2006). These files use Discrete Cosin e Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in Dirac codec and Fractual Compression compression processes for streaming. Unlike conventional broadcasting transmission, streaming involves progressive downloading of audiovisual files without having to wait for its complete download for playback. Audiovisual files can be streamed on the Internet on-demand (stored on server, available on request) or live (available at particular time such as life events). Streaming requires a high-speed Internet connection without traffic jams because the content cannot be streamed if the end user is carrying other traffic with the stream. Currently, only shorter TV content is offered for streaming (YouTube, Google Video), while longer and high quality contents such as shows and films are offered for download on request (MovieLink, CinemaNow, Sky By Broadband) (Keen 2006). Previously, Internet audiovisual media content used dedicated software applications such as Microsoft Windows Media, RealVideo and QuickTime for playback that was separate from web browsers. Later applications, like Flash Players, allowed integrated streaming within the web browser, which makes it cost effective, as well as relatively easier for users to access broadcast content through Internet distribution (Keen 2006). Television content streaming uses the same applications with added features. Applications like Apples iTunes, Chinese program PPLive and BBCs MyBBCPlayer allows television broadcasters to select programs for online streaming. As more and more television companies are transitioning online with new contents for streaming, users prefer to watch Internet TV than conventional television. To facilitate even more efficient peer-to-peer connections, the Internet architecture has been revolutionized for data transfer (The Future of Internet Television 2006). This has been ach ieved by specialist bandwidth providers called Content Distribution Networks (CDNs), which ensure streamlined and optimal content distribution through remote servers to client PCs without the hindrance of traffic jams. Companies like CacheLogic, Kontiki, and Grid Networks have been responsible for revolutionizing the commercial deployment of high-quality streaming services for Internet Television (Keen 2006). Future of Internet TV Broadcasting Broadcasting companies and TV operators in the last decade, according to Arino and Marsden (Brown and Picard 2005), have capitalized tremendously on the growth of the Internet to draw audiences away from traditional television broadcast. For some, the Internet may have been the reason for the demise of the conventional broadcast TV, while for others this new media is the new platform for digital TV. Internet TV is no longer about watching streamed programs from broadcast TV web sites. In fact, according to Noll (qt in Gerbarg, Groebel and Noam 2004), Internet TV has come to be defined as a television interface based on an interactive Internet platform for storage and transmission of audiovisual content streaming, as well as web activities. Thus, the future of the Internet TV involves Internet-enhanced TV that delivers both TV content, as well as web-based content. Convergence will no longer be limited to listening radio and watching downloaded content, but will also encompass chattin g, messaging, conversing with hosts and participants of TV programs, and programming of content through complex transmissional services, consultational services and interactive television links (Arino and Marsden qt. Brown and Picard 2005). With the increase in broadband usage in the UK, it is expected that Internet TV services shall increase manifolds, which will make high quality digital movie file streaming available from various websites with lesser costs. New technologies like webified video are expected to revolutionize next generation storage TV, to convert web content as well as TV programs to integrated information retrieval media for interface and interactivity (Miyamori and Tanaka 2005). Similarly SURFs (Simple UI to Retrieve Favourites) systems are being explored for transforming TV content into information portals which will allow users to interact with electronic devices within the household. The idea is to integrate TV with Internet content by allowing users to use unconventional remote controls to interact with the Internet TV platform (Halverson and Voutsas 2000). Contents may range from watching VODs, or news content or browsing the Internet. Not only this, but it is expected that the future holds new dimensions for the meaning of interactivity. Speech recognition and interactivity, according to Wittenburg et al (2006), is the next revolutionary interface for current prototype PVRs. These shall be used in conjunction with Internet TV to change the whole experience of interacting with TV and the Internet. Conclusion From the above discussion, one can conclude that the process of Internet and television convergence has revolutionized the experience of watching television. Convergence of these individual technologies has been possible with the developments of technologies in compression, streaming, digitization, and playback applications. However, to think that the revolution has stopped there is a mistake. As one reads in the above section, the development of Internet TV is not complete. The mix of Internet television services through chats, browsing, downloads and networking have yet to become even more revolutionized in the future as new technologies related to interface devices, broadband networks, and television content conversions become more common for all to be used. There is no doubt that Internet TV has affected the lives of its users as well as those who developed it. What makes this revolutionary unique is the fact that it has also influenced other dimensions of entertainment and infor mation interactivity. For example, companies are exploring broadcasting dimensions using mobile phones, voice-activated interface, and information interchange technologies for viewing and interacting, not on conventional tube TV or PCs but on small mobile devices. Indeed, the future of Internet TV is not limited to its conventional infrastructure but rather shall reside in new ones. References Arino, M. and Marsden, C. (2005) From Analogue to Digital in Digital Terrestrial Television in Europe by Allan Brown and Robert G. Picard (eds) Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ. Brown, B. and Barkhuus, L. (2006) The Television Will Be Revolutionized: Effects of PVRs and Filesharing on Television Watching. CHI April 22-27 ACM 2006. Combat One. (2006) The Future of Internet Television Combat One. Online accessed on 4-12-2006 from: http://www.combatone.com/fullreport.php Crisell, A. (2002) An Introductory History of British Broadcasting. Routledge: London pp.275. Halverson, C. and Voutsas, D. (2000) SURFing the Home with Your TV. ACM Multimedia Copyright. Ippolito, L. and Pelton, J. N. (2004) Satellites Technology: The Evolution of Satellite Systems and Fixed Satellite Services in Communications Satellites: Global Change Agents by Peter Marshall, Robert J. Oslund and Joseph N. Pelton (eds). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ. pp. 33 Keen, B. (2006) Broadband delivery of film and TV content over the open internet. 09 October. The British Screen Advisory Council. Miyamori, H. and Tanaka, K. (2005) Webified Video: Media Conversion from TV Program to Web Content and their Integrated Viewing Method. ACM Copyright May 10-14, Chiba, Japan. Noll, A. M. (2004) Internet Television: Definition and Prospects in Internet Television by Darcy Gerbarg, Jo Groebel and Eli Noam (eds) Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ. Wittenburg, K. et al (2006) The Prospects for Unrestricted Speech Input for TV Content Search. AVI 06, May 23-26, 2006, Venezia, Italy. ACM Copyright.

What Is Hypnosis? Describe the Psychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy

Introduction This essay discusses the core characteristics of hypnosis, concentrating on its major psychological and physical features. It begins by providing a background of the practice. This is important because it draws out how the understanding and definition of hypnosis has changed over time. This is followed by a section considering the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis, after which the final section discusses the importance of relaxation in hypnotherapy. Hypnosis is defined loosely as an altered mental state, superficially resembling sleep, characterised by a heightened awareness of subconscious detail (Brink 2008; Encyclopaedia Britannica 2004). This definition will be developed and expanded in greater detail throughout the essay. A full understanding of hypnosis and hypnotherapy requires that the practices are placed in their historical and cultural context. What is now known as hypnosis has been recorded on many occasions throughout history, dating back several millennia to the civilisations of ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. It was typically performed as part of shamanistic, religious or spiritual rituals (Brink 2008; Waterfield 2004). However, there is some scepticism regarding the veracity of these historical accounts (e.g., Waterfield 2004). Hypnosis in its modern Western form was first practiced by Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), who was an Austrian physician. Mesmer understood it through the theoretical lens of ‘animal magnetism’ or ‘mesmerism’, which was related to the idea that health was contingent on the distribution of ‘universal fluids’. He believed that magnets could be used to direct these fluids, prevent blockages and ultimately cure disease; hypnosis worked similarly in Mesmer’s eyes in that it was able to transmit healing forces and produce cures (Waterfield 2004). This notion was developed following Mesmer’s death by Armand de Puysegur, who realised that dictation and verbal communication in the form of commands could induce trances (Hadley and Staudacher 1996). The theoretical groundwork laid by Mesmer and Puysegur was revised in the 19th century by James Braid (1795-1860), who realised that trance-like states could be brought on by suggestions as well as commands. Braid also redefined the practice, calling it ‘hypnotism’. The process began to gradually gain wider acceptance as a therapeutic agent, especially useful in the relief of pain and as an anaesthetic (Hadley and Staudacher 1996). The future of what is now known as hypnotherapy was secured in 1892 when the British Medical Association (BMA) commissioned a report on the characteristics of hypnosis for medical purposes, which yielded highly promising results (Waterfield 2004). Hypnosis and hypnotherapy were gradually refined and developed as new fields took interest and various schools of thought branched off in opposing directions, most notably in France. One of the most important developments was the relationship between Sigmund Freud and hypnosis, and it was this that saw the now crucial introduction of the theory of the unconscious mind into the practice (Waterfield 2004). Freud’s disenchantment with hypnosis in favour of psychoanalysis saw a decline in its popularity, although there was a revival after the 1950s when research unearthed a variety of new applications (Waterfield 2004). The work of Milton Erickson (1901-1980) was crucial in this respect. He built on Freud’s introduction of subconscious elements, and his success was essential in the creating the practice in its current form (Waterfield 2004). This provides an important backdrop in understanding what hypnosis actually is. It is useful at this stage to dispel a misconception, namely that hypnosis is a form of unconsciousness comparable to sleep. As shall be demonstrated, subjects are actually awake and capable of high levels of awareness, albeit not of the environment. It is more accurately described as a state of physical relaxation, including an altered state of consciousness in which the subconscious mind is more accessible and more active (Mason 2008, cited in Segi 2012: 27). In terms of its psychological characteristics, hypnosis can be described as natural, trancelike state. It is generally agreed that while under hypnosis a person has a heightened sense of focus or concentration, usually directed towards a specific object or memory, which entails an ability to block out distractions from outside (Segi 2012; Hadley and Staudacher 1996). One of the key psychological aspects of hypnosis is related to the subconscious mind, which in some shape or form is responsible for automatic and intuitive mental functions (Brink 2008; Hadley and Staudacher 1996). Since it has no clear location in the brain the subconscious can seem rather elusive, but it can be seen in many day-today tasks, such as typing, writing, or catching a ball. Driving is among the most oft-cited examples of subconscious functioning; it is common to internalise routes and to navigate while performing automatic processes such as changing gear without any memory of it. Tasks such as these can be carried out almost unknowingly and details often go largely unremembered (Brink 2008). Thus, the subconscious is highly active on a continuous basis. Hypnosis involves putting an individual in touch with the subconscious through intense concentration. It was previously thought that this was actually a kind of unconsciousness; however, as Hadley and Staudacher (1978) show, this view has come in for revision and new research has shown that a hypnotised person is fully awake and extremely focused; the appearance of unconsciousness arises because attention is diverted away from peripheral stimuli (Spiegel 1978). This is an important psychological and physical characteristic of hypnosis. One of the main psychological aspects of hypnosis is an increased susceptibility to suggestion (Brink 2008; Hadley and Staudacher 1996). The subject generally heeds only the suggestions of the hypnotist, and this appears to be done in ‘an uncritical, automatic fashion, ignoring all aspects of the environment†¦He sees, feels, smells, and otherwise perceives in accordance with the hypnotist’s suggestions, even though these suggestions may be in apparent contradiction to the stimuli that impinge upon him’ (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2004: 1). Moreover, the susceptibility to suggestion may be extended such that the subject is still under the ‘control’ of the hypnotist during ordinary, ‘waking’ activity (Heap and Dryden 1991). In terms of its physical aspects, hypnosis has several distinctive characteristics. In the first stage of the process, the subject’s body becomes extremely relaxed (this will be discussed further in the section on relaxation), which initiates a series of other physical changes. The heart rate, for example, slows considerably and with it the rate of breathing grows deeper and more rhythmic. As suggested earlier, this is not to be confused with deep sleep, which is characterised by a lack of awareness to external stimuli; rather it is a hypnotic trance in which the subject is highly attentive at all times. In fact, it is often argued that a hypnotic trance brings about a greater level of sensitivity to stimuli than usual (Karle and Boy 1987). This intense period of focus manifests in a physical change in the nature of brain activity. Physical evidence for this fact was first produced in 1929 when Hans Berger tested the brain activity of a hypnotised subject using the process of electroencephalography (the device is called an electroencephalogram or EEG) (Karle and Boy 1987). This measures electrical activity in the brain as waves. In order to understand the physical changes associated with hypnosis, it is necessary to briefly describe the four different kinds of brain waves: alpha, beta, theta, and delta. Under ordinary circumstances, mental activity produces beta waves. A heightened sense of relaxation creates more alpha waves; this state might be described as ‘light hypnosis’. As the body becomes increasingly relaxed, theta waves become dominant. This is associated with dreaming, or medium to deep hypnosis, as well as greater engagement with the subconscious. Finally, during periods of very deep hypnosis t he mind produces delta waves. These have an extremely low frequency and are usually created entirely by the subconscious, as during hypnosis or dreamless sleep (Brink 2008). In terms of underlying brain activity, therefore, the process of hypnosis initiates a transition that begins with beta waves and progresses through alpha, theta, and finally delta waves. Conversely, when a subject is brought out of hypnosis, or awakes from a deep, dreamless sleep, the stages of electrical activity in the brain are reversed, beginning with delta and ending with beta (Brink 2008). It is difficult to understand the nature of hypnosis, both psychologically and physically, without an appreciation of the tools and methods employed by a hypnotist. The inducement into a trance-like state is achieved through relaxation techniques as part of a process called ‘induction’ (Brink 2008; Hadley and Staudacher 1996). This can take different forms depending on the particular therapist, but the result is always broadly similar: a state of heightened focus on one or more specific and internal factors, and a decline in awareness of environmental or external stimuli (Hadley and Staudacher 1996). This is induced through verbal cues or instructions designed to induce a trance (Karle and Boys 1987). However, there is considerable variation in terms of the form this takes. Many therapists use authoritative commands, such as ‘you are now feeling relaxed’, or ‘I want you to picture yourself†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢; Alternatively, others employ a more suggestive style, including statements such as ‘maybe you would like to†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. While the details vary, however, all methods of induction tend to be characterised by a slow, clear prose style (Karle and Boys 1987). It is important to have an appreciation of the methods used to induce hypnosis as it is the essential precursor to the psychological and physical changes discussed in the first part of this essay. It is likewise crucial to understand the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy, as this is not only a crucial characteristic of the state itself but also the nexus between the beginning of the process and the transition into a hypnotic trance (Segi 2012). Hypnosis can only be achieved if the subject is sufficiently relaxed to disengage the conscious mind and engage the subconscious. This leaves an opening for suggestion and behavioural change, which are crucial components of hypnotherapy. In ordinary parlance, relaxation does not refer to the state necessary to induce a hypnotic trance but rather to the absence of strenuous mental or physical stimuli (Brink 2008). Thus, a person might be said to be relaxing on the sofa while reading a book. In actual fact, the conscious mind is still highly active at this stage, which precludes the opening up of the subconscious. Successful hypnotherapy requires a more ‘complete’ sense of physical and mental relaxation, including the alleviation of all forms of stress. There are various techniques involved here, but one of the most common is called Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) (Brink 2008). This works by instructing the subject to systematically relax various areas of their body i ndependently and in stages, often focusing on muscle groups. This can also be achieved via ‘self-hypnosis’, and for many people is an important part of stress- or sleep-management strategies (Segi 2012; Brink 2008). The ability of hypnosis to induce this kind of state is one of its most unique qualities, and even if nothing else is achieved the mere process of compete relaxation is an important component of hypnotherapy (Hadley and Staudacher 1996). One thing to note is that complete relaxation of this kind is not artificial or unnatural. It is part of the ordinary human condition, and the role of hypnotherapy is simply to induce it under controlled circumstances and with a particular goal in mind (Robertson 2012; Brink 2008; Hadley and Staudacher 1996). This essay has discussed some of the competing historical notions of what hypnosis is, as well as the way it is understood by modern practitioners and theorists. Both the process of hypnosis and the practice of hypnotherapy have undergone considerable change in terms of the way they are understood. This has led up to the modern theory of hypnosis as a state of relaxation and increased accessibility to the subconscious. The crucial relationship between relaxation and hypnotherapy (and hypnosis) has been drawn out. Undoubtedly, the important role of hypnosis historically is matched today, and it can be seen as a major part of many rituals, medical procedures, leisure activities, sports, and entertainment (Segi 2012). References Brink, T. L. (2008) Psychology: A Student Friendly Approach http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/TLBrink_PSYCH13.pdf [Retrieved 18/05/2014] Encyclopaedia Britannica (2004) Hypnosis http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/279820/hypnosis [Recovered 18/05/2014] Hadley, J. and Staudacher, C. (1996) Hypnosis for Change, New Harbinger Publications Heap, M. and Dryden, W. (1991) Hypnotherapy: a Handbook. Berkshire: Open University Press Karle, H. and Boys, J. (1987) Hypnotherapy a Practical Handbook, London: Free Association Books Kirsch, I. (1994) Clinical hypnosis as a nondeceptive placebo: Empirically derived techniques, The American journal of clinical hypnosis 37 (2), pp. 95–106 Robertson, D (2012) The Practice of Cognitive-Behavioural Hypnotherapy: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Hypnosis, London: Karnac Segi, S. (2012) Hypnosis for pain management, anxiety and behavioral disorders. Factiva. [Retrieved 18/05/2014] Spiegel, H. and Spiegel, D. (1978) Trance and Treatment, Basic Books Inc., New York Waterfield, R. (2004) Hidden Depths The Story of Hypnosis, London: Pan Books.

“Inevitable vs. Amendable” Essay

The film â€Å"Inequality for All† tries to explain; what is the current status of the distribution of wealth and that of income equality? Why this is happening and if this is a problem. Yes, as stated in the film, social inequality is inevitable. But, there is without a doubt a problem with United States distribution of wealth. One of the facts that really opened my eyes was the fact that the 400 richest Americans, together hold more wealth than the poorest 150 million Americans have together. This said, it is scary to think about how obscure was the knowledge we had on the one percent with given how much economic influence they have. The minimum wages vs. growth of productivity graph is one that I found very interesting. Why is â€Å"just† in today’s society to be part a more productive workforce that gets paid less than the workforce we had a few decades ago? The line graph for productivity growth is rising every year, meaning that more work is being done. On the other hand, the minimum wages growth rates were rising but after a while they seem to have plateau and they have been like this for about 30 years. Advances in globalization and technology are also inevitable because it is simple economics that a product shall be produced in the cheapest way possible. Yes, technology does create jobs but as we see in the film companies like Amazon are also opting to operate with high tech machinery instead of the traditional assembly line. Women going to work, general workforce working for longer hours and borrowing money from the financial sectors are coping mechanisms that the middle class used to keep up with their good lifestyles, but in my opinion these are more like defense mechanisms in order to survive in the concrete jungle with the same wages they had 30 years ago. One other comparison that I liked was how the widening inequality leads to a deficiency cycle and when the wealth is equally distributed economic stability is transfused from sector to sector creating a domino effect leading to a virtuous cycle.